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Traduction conforme au document arabe ci-joint
théoriques caucasiennes

Glossary entry

French term or phrase:

synthèse

English translation:

combined output (All or Nothing) / (ON–OFF-control)

Added to glossary by Bashiqa
Apr 12, 2022 09:56
2 yrs ago
33 viewers *
French term

synthèse

French to English Tech/Engineering Electronics / Elect Eng gas analysis equipment
Context: None.
appears on an exploded diagram indicating what outputs, add-on items, sensors etc. can be fitted
Picture indicates a control unit with 8 relays and at opposite side of picture an arrow pointing outwards to "Synthèse TOR".
Suggestions most welcome.
TIA Chris.
Proposed translations (English)
4 combined output (All or Nothing) / (ON–OFF-control)
4 combined binary output
References
All about today's Synthesis Technologies

Discussion

Bashiqa (asker) Apr 15, 2022:
@ Tony Sorry to hear about eye probs. My wife has to have yet another op for blocked tear duct, not amusing. I had cataracts on both eyes removed and replace with varifocal implants. No need for specs either near or far, unless very small close up work when a 10 euro pair from phramacy does the job. take care, Chris.
Tony M Apr 15, 2022:
@ Chris Oh oops, sorry!
Yes, I do have quite serious eyesight problems, and long hours in front of the screen do leave my eyes very tired and I make silly mistakes.
Bashiqa (asker) Apr 15, 2022:
@ Tony Please accept this in the spirit intended. Do you need new specs, or do you always manguage your language?
Cheers and thank you, Chris.
Daryo Apr 15, 2022:
I'm certainly the first to appreciate the value of real-life experience.
Tony M Apr 12, 2022:
@ Daryo Not really: in technical language, 'binary' simply means 'possesses two states', which is why it is appropriate here.
Please accept that I've been working in this field for over 50 years and am VERY familiar with the level of manguage used and how it has evolved over that time.
Daryo Apr 12, 2022:
yes but even with "binary" there is still a potential confusion with the input or output being in the form of a "binary number" (of one or more binary positions => 2/4/8/16 .. possible states) while ON/OFF clearly limits to only two possible states, and also doesn't automatically associate with IT.
Tony M Apr 12, 2022:
@ Daryo Yes, 'TOR' has come up a lot before on KudoZ, and there is no longer any doubt about its meaning, and the various translation options — of which, sadly, the simplistically literal 'all-or-nothing' simply is not used in correct technical EN.
'Binary' is appropriate as it reflects the 2-state nature of this type of signal — as of course does 'digital', where we are used to the notion of '1' or '0', and often oposes 'analogue' = continuously variable; the problem is that 'digital' tends to confusion with 'numercial', which is clearly inappropriate here.
But the key issue here is the word 'synthèse', which has a very specific meaning in this sort of context — and is increasingly common as the technology evolves.
Anastasia Kalantzi Apr 12, 2022:
@Asker Synthesis for Synthèse Synthèse goes to be matched to the "Synthesis" term, coming from Greek and this is the only term absolutely relevant to the French Synthèse.
Daryo Apr 12, 2022:
This rings a bell there was already a question - similar or possibly even the same - some time ago.

There was a "TOR" in the term asked, and it wasn't for sure about the TOR network.

Still remember it was about an "All-or-Nothing" control signal. Which also happens to make sense in this ST, so it's 99.999% that.
Bashiqa (asker) Apr 12, 2022:
@ All Thank you for your efforts.
Client has come back to say "leave it as it is".
Really bloody helpful. Presumably he does not know.
Bashiqa (asker) Apr 12, 2022:
@ Tony Thanks for the clarification.
Tony M Apr 12, 2022:
@ Asker No, it's not JUST 'an output' — it a special COMBINED output, so ANY one of the 8 possible situations always created this one output.
Imagine you had a fire-alarm system that has an alarm for each floor; but at the end of the line, these are all comboned, sop you have an overall alarm to say "there is a fire somewhere in the building" — this is the sort of thing that might be used, for example, to call the Fire Brigade.
Bashiqa (asker) Apr 12, 2022:
@ Phil I had wondered about output but why not say that in the French?
Put it as an answer and let`s see what others have to say.
philgoddard Apr 12, 2022:
So you could just say "output" for "synthèse", right?
Séverine Watson Apr 12, 2022:
@Chris TOR does indeed mean "tout ou rien", and can be translated as 'all or nothing'. But I think that 'on/off' could also work, like Tony mentioned.
Bashiqa (asker) Apr 12, 2022:
@ Phil tout or rien - all or nothing
Tony M Apr 12, 2022:
@ Asker Without being able to see the image, I'm having trouble visualising this, but it sounds as if this binary output ('on' or 'off') is a combined 'alarm' (etc;) signal of all the others — in other words, if any one of the 8 'situations' arises, this 'synthèse' output will be activated. A typical hardware 'OR' solution.
philgoddard Apr 12, 2022:
What is TOR?

Proposed translations

6 hrs
French term (edited): Synthèse TOR (tout ou rien)
Selected

combined output (All or Nothing) / (ON–OFF-control)

combined output (All or Nothing / bang–bang-control / ON–OFF-control)

in practical terms: all 8 inputs from relays are combined to generate a single output signal with only two possibles states "do something / do nothing"

Tout ou rien

En automatique, le concept TOR (tout ou rien) se ramène au binaire : 0 ou 1. Cela signifie que l'information à traiter ne peut prendre que deux états (marche-arrêt). Seuls ces deux niveaux logiques sont possibles, d'où l'appellation commande tout ou rien (en anglais : bang–bang-control ou on–off-control).

On trouve par exemple des capteurs de type TOR (tout ou rien, en anglais : digital sensor) dans l'industrie pour la détection de présence d'objets, ces capteurs ne renverront que deux niveaux logiques :

0 = absence d'objet
1 = présence d'objet

Un interrupteur électrique, un thermostat constituent des dispositifs tout ou rien.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tout_ou_rien

Bang–bang control

A water heater that maintains desired temperature by turning the applied power on and off (as opposed to continuously varying electrical voltage or current) based on temperature feedback is an example application of bang–bang control. Although the applied power switches from one discrete state to another, the water temperature will remain relatively constant due to the slow nature of temperature changes in materials. Hence, the regulated temperature is like a sliding mode of the variable structure system setup by the bang–bang controller.

Symbol for a bang-bang control
In control theory, a bang–bang controller (2 step or on–off controller), is a feedback controller that switches abruptly between two states.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bang–bang_control

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https://turgotlimoges.scenari-community.org/SpeSI/sequence8/...

https://dautrylimoges.scenari-community.org/Sciences de l�...

Un commutateur DIP permet de déterminer si les deux sorties doivent fournir un signal proportionnel ou un signal tout-ou-rien. Dans le cas du signal tout-ou-rien, il est possible de sélectionner trois valeurs de réglage différentes : 800, 1000 ou 1200 ppm de CO2 ou de CO2/VOC.

https://autorem.fr/Docs/Siemens/Siemens/Sondes/Qualité d...


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https://autorem.fr/Docs/Siemens/Siemens/Sondes/Qualité d...


Two of my customers...13:37 2011-08-29

...a major motor manufacturer and a constructer of nuclear plants *insist* on using ON/OFF to distinguish TOR i/os from other digital i/os. If it's good enough for them, it's good enough for me :)

https://www.proz.com/kudoz/french-to-english/transport-trans...

So "ON/OFF" is probably the best bet.

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https://autorem.fr/Docs/Siemens/Siemens/Sondes/Qualité d...



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https://autorem.fr/Docs/Siemens/Siemens/Sondes/Qualité d'air...
Peer comment(s):
disagree Tony M : I think your answer misses the point by concentrating too much on the TOR aspect; 'bang-bang' control is too colloquial for this more formal context — especially as we have no way of knowing if there is any element of 'control' here.
1 hr
No one will make devices to generate useless/unused outputs - they will be used for some kind of "control", or at least "monitoring" // anyway the "control" part is not necessary, "ON/OFF" signal (IN, OUT, Combined...) is enough.
agree Johannes Gleim
21 hrs
Thanks!
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4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Thank you."
4 hrs
French term (edited): synthèse TOR

combined binary output

Or 'on/off' [for TOR]
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Reference comments

9 hrs
Reference:

All about today's Synthesis Technologies

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...


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The target of rapamycin (TOR)
Cell growth is orchestrated by a number of interlinking cellular processes. Components of the TOR pathway have been proposed as potential regulators of cell growth, but little is known about their immediate effects on protein synthesis in response to TOR-dependent growth inhibition. Here, we present a resource providing an in-depth characterisation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe phosphoproteome in relation to changes observed in global cellular protein synthesis upon TOR inhibition.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...
Mitogenic and nutritional signals must be integrated for a cell to grow. The target of rapamycin (TOR) is emerging as an effector for signals which indicate to the cell whether the external environment is conducive for growth. Use of the immunosuppressant rapamycin, a bacterial macrolide, has been instructive in identifying potential signaling components downstream of TOR, leading to the observation that both protein synthesis and turnover are under TOR control.

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Tor Browser
https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sa=L&ai=DChcSEw...

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Synthèse TOR
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...

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Synthèse TOR
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...

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Desipher interactions between TOR and DYRK and evaluate their role in...
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...

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Note added at 10 ώρες (2022-04-12 20:14:43 GMT)
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DOCUMENTS - CLME - TOR for TDA Synthesis Report -IW:LEARN
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...

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Note added at 10 ώρες (2022-04-12 20:35:17 GMT)
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A sequential packet diagram of TOR's circuit building process..
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:/...

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Response to the Asker:
Thank you very much. Bonne chance.
Note from asker:
Thank you for your efforts but vast quantities of references which apply to "The Onion Router" do not help very much. On the contrary it takes time to go through all the links, time that neither I or others who are helping have.
Peer comments on this reference comment:
disagree Tony M : This biological context has nothing whatsoever to do with the context in this question.
49 mins
I know that. It's an overall picture. Just move further down, in the last reference.
neutral Daryo : there is not much point listing all various possible interpretations for "TOR" - only the one relevant for the ST at hand is THE relevant one for the purpose of this question // Sod's law: The relevant one (TOR = tout-ou-rien) is missing from your list!!
2 days 6 hrs
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