предмет и объект философии
English translation: focus/purpose/target
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| 14:27 Dec 29, 2021 |
| Russian to English translations [PRO] Social Sciences - Philosophy | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Pavel Altukhov Local time: 01:52 | ||||||
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peer agreement (net): +2subject matter and object of philosophy Explanation: -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 40 мин (2021-12-29 15:08:25 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- What is Philosophy? The word "philosophy" comes from the Greek philos (loving) + sophos (wise) meaning literally love of wisdom. But that doesn't tell us much. (And what, exactly, is wisdom?) A better way of getting at the nature of philosophy is to ask about what it deals with (subject matter) and what it is that philosophers (or anybody else) do when they are doing philosophy (method). Subject Matter The subject matter of philosophy is closely connected with the sorts of questions that have dominated philosophical investigation. Metaphysics is a systematic attempt to answer the question: What is reality? The ancient Greek philosophers were very interested in this question and advanced a number of theories to try to answer it. ... Epistemology is an area of philosophy that attempts to answer questions such as: What is knowledge? Do we really have any? And how do we tell? ... Ethics is a branch of philosophy concerned primarily with value and obligation, and asks such questions as: What actions are morally right? What is good? What sorts of persons should we strive to be? https://campus.plymouth.edu/history-philosophy-social-studie... Subject (philosophy) A subject is a being who has a unique consciousness and/or unique personal experiences, or an entity that has a relationship with another entity that exists outside itself (called an "object"). A subject is an observer and an object is a thing observed. This concept is especially important in Continental philosophy, where 'the subject' is a central term in debates over the nature of the self.[1] The nature of the subject is also central in debates over the nature of subjective experience within the Anglo-American tradition of analytical philosophy. The sharp distinction between subject and object corresponds to the distinction, in the philosophy of René Descartes, between thought and extension. Descartes believed that thought (subjectivity) was the essence of the mind, and that extension (the occupation of space) was the essence of matter.[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(philosophy) Object (philosophy) An object is a philosophical term often used in contrast to the term subject. A subject is an observer and an object is a thing observed. For modern philosophers like Descartes, consciousness is a state of cognition that includes the subject—which can never be doubted as only it can be the one who doubts—and some object(s) that may be considered as not having real or full existence or value independent of the subject who observes it. Metaphysical frameworks also differ in whether they consider objects existing independently of their properties and, if so, in what way.[1] The pragmatist Charles S. Peirce defines the broad notion of an object as anything that we can think or talk about.[2] In a general sense it is any entity: the pyramids, gods,[3] Socrates,[3] Alpha Centauri, the number seven, a disbelief in predestination or the fear of cats. In a strict sense it refers to any definite being. A related notion is objecthood. Objecthood is the state of being an object. One approach to defining it is in terms of objects' properties and relations. Descriptions of all bodies, minds, and persons must be in terms of their properties and relations. The philosophical question of the nature of objecthood concerns how objects are related to their properties and relations. For example, it seems that the only way to describe an apple is by describing its properties and how it is related to other things. Its properties may include its redness, its size, and its composition, while its relations may include "on the table", "in the room" and "being bigger than other apples". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(philosophy) |
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