Glossary entry (derived from question below)
English term or phrase:
global warming
Chinese translation:
全球变暖
Oct 24, 2008 21:54
15 yrs ago
English term
global warming
GBK
English to Chinese
Science
Environment & Ecology
Definition from
Biodiversity and human health:
The term given to the possibility that Earth's atmosphere is gradually warming because of the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide and other gases. Global warming is thought by many to be the most serious global environmental issue facing our society.
Example sentences:
Over the last five years, 600 scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change sifted through thousands of studies about global warming published in forums ranging from scientific journals to industry publications and distilled the world’s accumulated knowledge into this conclusion: “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal.” (Earth observatory)
Global warming is already affecting the world we know, endangering polar bears, shortening ski seasons and creating more intense storms. (Natural Resources Defense Council)
Kyoto is meant as a tiny first step by rich nations to slow global warming that many scientists say could spur more heatwaves, droughts, floods, more powerful storms and swamp coastal areas by melting ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland. (Global Warming International Center)
Change log
Oct 24, 2008 21:54: changed "Stage" from "Preparation" to "Submission"
Oct 27, 2008 21:54: changed "Stage" from "Submission" to "Completion"
Proposed translations
+2
3 hrs
Selected
全球变暖
Definition from
牛博网:
所谓全球变暖的主流观点，不仅仅是二氧化碳增多，也不仅仅是温度上升，准确地说，应该是 “人类活动导致温室气体增加并造成全球平均气温上升，因而给人类环境带来灾难性影响”。这里面有三对基本的因果关系：其一，人类活动是造成温室气体增加的原因；其二，温室气体（主要是二氧化碳）的增加是造成全球变暖的原因；其三，全球变暖是造成灾害性气候增加（如干旱洪涝以及台风）的原因并且还将带来更严重的后果。同时，我们还必须证明这是人类历史上前所未有的灾难。
Example sentences:
全球变暖曾经是一个鲜为人知的学术用语，当初只有关心这一问题的科学家使用它。他们对环境污染可能导致的气候问题深感忧虑。现在，即便人们并未真正理解这一概念，全球变暖也已经变得众所周知。如果碰到炎热的天气或反常的暴风雨，我们就会经常听到有人抱怨“天呐，又是全球变暖”。 (博闻网)
采用统计分析与综合分析方法，研究了全球变暖、构造活动、地球(以及月球和行星)轨道效应、太阳活动等对降水的影响。认为构造活动、地震、气候变暖与降水或洪涝灾害有一定关系；地球的轨道效应是地球气候变化的重要因素，从而与旱涝相关；月球行星轨道效应和太阳活动均与旱涝有明显的对应关系。气候变冷和构造活动变弱是沙漠化的主要原因，人类活动则加速了沙漠化的进程。 (iLib)
Note from asker:
| This mentions "evergreens" and "chestnuts": http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marronnier_(journalisme) which is kind of the right idea, but it's the events, not the journalism. And there's this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallmark_holiday |
| Yes, I love the association of "marronier" and "old chestnut" which must have derived from a common quip centuries ago, but I'm still struggling to find a neat word for events like St Valentine's Day, Black Friday, Christmas... |
| The context would suggest a somewhat negative connotation; "fad" and "hype" come to mind |
| Please post as answers! |
| All I can think of is "annual events such as Valentine's Day and Black Friday", which feels like an admission of defeat. Are there any negative connotations, Rimas? You haven't given any of the surrounding sentences, but the first sentence of your question possibly implies some criticism of Amazon, on the lines of "all they can come up with is these two events". Or am I reading something into it that's not there? |
| I don't sense anything negative here, it's advice to Amazon by a PR firm about the opportunities Amazon should exploit to plant favourable stories, including showcasing suitable products/gifts at occasions like Valentine's Day, Mother's Day, Black Friday, Christmas, etc -- it's not that they 'only managed to come up with' these, they're just using them as an example. So far, the most concise I've come up with is "special-occasion articles" or "special-occasion write-ups" but they feel lumpy and miss the sense of "recurring"... So, I'm still searching... |
| https://tuxicoman.jesuislibre.net/2014/09/le-calendrier-de-r... Francois Boye United States Local time: 12:08 (edit your time) Native speaker of: Native in FrenchFrench PRO pts in category: 4 https://tuxicoman.jesuislibre.net/2014/09/le-calendrier-de-r... Francois Boye United States Local time: 12:08 (edit your time) Native speaker of: Native in FrenchFrench PRO pts in category: 4 https://tuxicoman.jesuislibre.net/2014/09/le-calendrier-de-r... |
| There are a couple of previous KudoZ questions on this. https://www.proz.com/kudoz/french_to_english/media_multimedia/2254498-marronnier.html?print=1 https://www.proz.com/kudoz/french_to_english/internet_e_commerce/2996959-%22marroniers%22.html (I was going to post this before you provided additional information) Re <i>à l’occasion des marronniers commerciaux</i> Perhaps something involving fixtures - retail fixtures, shopping fixtures, (firm/regular/permanent/established) fixtures in the retail/shopping calendar Or perhaps simply retail events https://www.worldfirst.com/uk/blog/international-business/key-retail-dates-2018/ |
| I come back to my initial comment that "I can't think of an idiomatic tag in English to match 'marronniers'." It's a wonderfully succinct French expression that refers not only to the annual occasion itself (Valentine's etc) but also to the gift, or in this case the article, feature, advertorial placed by Amazon. I'm searching for a suitably concise English phrase... |
| I don't agree, there is something slightly negative here, even if the PR company themselves are not wishing to be negative; but they are sort of conveying the idea that "you need to do something to breathe life into these 'old chestnuts' that come round regularly each year and everyone gets sick of..." The only real problem is that one of the instances is further qualified by 'commercial', which is slightly trickier to fit into EN — maybe soemthing like "regular sales events that have become / are by now old chestnuts" |
| Reminder to all: le marronnier is NOT an event or a commercial sweetener. It is a newspaper article, even though it may be inspired by an event!. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marronnier_%28journalisme%29 |
| I totally agree with Francois. I worked as production editor on magazines for many years, and this is referring to a scenario where Amazon or its PR agency holds a press junket/media event to persuade journalists to write good things about them in an feature article coming up to an annual event like Valentine's, Halloween, Black Friday, etc, to extol the handy things you can buy for the event from Amazon, with some nice informative info about Amazon along the way. |
| What they call 'Old Chestnut' in the UK has nothing to do with what French jpournalists call 'marronniers'. Chestnut is a British slang term for an old joke, often as old chestnut. The term is also used for a piece of music in the repertoire that has grown stale or hackneyed with too much repetition. A plausible explanation for the term given by the Oxford English Dictionary is that it originates from a play named "The Broken Sword" by William Dimond,[1] in which one character keeps repeating the same stories, one of them about a cork tree, and is interrupted each time by another character who says: Chestnut, you mean ... I have heard you tell the joke twenty-seven times and I am sure it was a chestnut. The play was first performed in 1816, but the term did not come into widespread usage until the 1880s |
| I agree, 'marronnier' has a provenance totally different from 'old chestnut' but it does have a whimsical air about it that is shared by 'old chestnut', which is probably purely coincidental but funny nevertheless. |
| @ Asker Unlike old chestnuts, not all marrionniers are quaint. Each year, French journalists write marronniers on the annual report of the Government Board of Accounts (la Cour des Comptes). This is serious and informative. Ditto, each year, French journalists write marronniers on the state of inequalities in France. In this case too, the information is very thick on data and regulation and is amply quoted for its seriousness. |
| can be a starting point: old familiars, same old stories, same old humdrum, etc. etc. I am unsure of what degree of irony is required. I do rather resent the opposition to my suggestion; whilst it may not be perfect as translation, it contains the nub of what is meant. |
| Don't get me wrong, I wasn't disparaging their content or purpose, I was just suggesting that they're given a moniker that is whimsical/irreverent. Otherwise they'd be called something boring like "papiers". :-) |
| Actually, I'm leaning toward the grand old term used in magazine publishing: "advertorial" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertorial), and to convey the recurring aspect how about "annual advertorial(s)" ?? Thoughts?? |
| ...or "recurring topical advertorials"? |
| You said marroniers were events such as Black Friday |
| I said they refer to the event as well as to the gift/present or in a journalistic sense the write-up associated with it. |
| While there is plenty of room for discussion as to the best term to use, there seems little ambiguity in the meaning of the source term in context, and I can't understand why some people appear to be totally misinterpreting this. In the text you quote: "Deux événements presse <b>à l’occasion des marronniers commerciaux</b> pour nourrir les journalistes sur les thèmes rédactionnels" — press events organized to co-incide with 'sales <i>marroniers</i>' to feed journalists editorial themes they can use. "avec ... une étude liée au <i>*marronnier"</i> — with a [study of some kind] connected to the <i>*marronnier"</i> — a study, survey or whatever relating to this sales 'event' It later refers to Valentine's Day and Black Friday as <i>*marronniers"</i> — like Christmas and Easter and Mothers' Day, etc., these are the recurring sales drives that come up every year. |
| This is all about these EVENTS — they come round every year, and it must be constantly difficult to find new and exciting marketing things to say about them, and Amazon does not have the advantage of brochures in your letter-box or attractive (?!) themed in-store displays, so they need to work hard to find a way to match this veritable deluge of advertising with which the public is bombarded. I don't know where your FR text originates from, but anyone living here in France will perfectly understand the climate here into which Amazon has to shoehorn its advertising. I cannot emphasize strongly enough that, like several people here, I firmly believe this term (whichever translation you choose) refers to <b>the sales events themselves</b> and is nothing to do with any press article or similar — it just happnes that people working in the field of PR happen to use a jargon term that is used in many fields, including (but but by no means exclusively) journalism. It's of course also important to bear in mind that, as far as Amazon are concerned, this is very unlikely to happen through press articles — much more likely to be through TV or Internet advertising. |
| Wiki.fr explains marronnier as "Un marronnier en journalisme est un article ou un reportage d'information de faible importance meublant une période creuse, consacré à un événement récurrent et prévisible. Les sujets « débattus » dans un marronnier sont souvent simplistes, parfois mièvres." |
| Yes, of course, no-one's disputing that definition; but as with very many Wiki articles, that is presenting <i>just one meaning of the term in journalistic jargon</i> — by its very nature, Wikipedia is not a truly exhaustive and encylcopædic resource in the traditional meaning of the term. People contributing to it will give definitions of terms <i>as they relate to their own specialist knowledge of this or that subject area</i>, while possibly ignoring uses in other fields. This journalistic use of 'marronier' is just a restricted sense of the original term, which like 'old chestnut' in EN has a much wider meaning in general usage, which I am totally convinced is what it meant here — just from the way the term is being used, even without any consideration of the reason <i>why</i> it is being used in this sontext. So there are times when specialist knowledge can mislead one into looking for a narrower meaning of a term, instead of looking at the wider picture. Take another example: 'baguette' — a carpenter will see it with one meaning; an orchestral conductor with another; while the wo/man in the street might be oblivious of those meanings, but just want a loaf of bread! |
| Au risque de mettre de l'huile sur le feu :-) Of course Tony is right to recall that Wikipedia is not the be-all and end-all. However, I have been looking and can only find things similar to the following: (ie a story, a subject, an article but so far, no events have come up) https://www.francetvinfo.fr/replay-radio/les-pourquoi/pourquoi-dans-la-presse-appelle-t-on-un-marronnier-un-marronnier_1791805.html - here a subject/article. http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/marronnier C. − Au fig., JOURN. ,,Article de circonstance publié traditionnellement à certaines dates`` (Gilb. Mots contemp. 1980). This reference has already been quoted below. And even this one, where I thought I might well find 'action/événement' https://www.wearethewords.com/le-marronnier-adn-du-calendrier-editorial-2/ |
| Here' is another reference that shows it used with a differnt slant, much closer to your own context here: « Le Calendrier Marketing 2018, le <b>marronnier social & commercial</b> le plus complet. Le marronnier marketing, agenda des commerciaux médias et des community managers, le Calendrier Mediatic 2018 est le document de référence le plus complet en France. » Here, it is clear that it is referring to a 'calendar of events' — not soem kind of list of articles! http://www.radiopub.fr/blog/2017/12/le-calendrier-marketing-2018-le-marronnier-social-commercial-le-plus-complet/ It's important to realize that this PR company is applying a term they are familiar with from the jargon of their own journalistic background to a context in which it is less commonly used. |
| Cette année, le Black Friday et le Cyber Monday auront donc lieu le 25 et le 28 novembre. Ces marronniers sont un soutien appréciable pour votre activité avant le rush de Noël. ... Au vu des prévisions pour l’année 2016 et de l’engouement des français pour les promotions, on présage que la France va rapidement suivre ses deux voisins et devenir adepte de ces nouveaux marronniers incontournables. https://blog.lengow.com/fr/ecommerce-2/ecommerce-black-friday-cyber-monday/ Dans le jargon des médias, les soldes sont ce qu’on appelle un marronnier. Un arbre bien robuste qui meuble le paysage, qu’on retrouve chaque année au même endroit et autour duquel on tourne tranquillou pour trouver un nouvel angle de vue. https://www.iadvize.com/blog/fr/soldes-ete-2015-ecommerce-bilan/ Ils profitent, à juste titre, des événements récurrents (que l’on nomme « marronniers ») de l’année pour axer leur communication sur tel ou tel produit. http://www.produweb.be/fr/actualite/un-plan-de-communication-pour-faire-vivre-votre-site-web/ Les opérations spéciales et les grands marronniers, comme le Black Friday ou les fêtes de fin d’année http://www.ucopia.com/fr/actualites/e-commerce-user-journey-wifi/ |
| Well done! Those are excellent, solid references that totally confirm what some of us have been saying all along. If asker is seeking to avoid a negative connotation, I was thinking about 'mainstay' as an alternative... |
| Thank you! |
| I'm not looking to avoid or not avoid a negative connotation. I was merely saying there is no negative intent. Any more than "advertorial" may have a negative connotation for a purist journalist but a positive one for a features editor because it kills 2 birds with one stone by filling space & being paid for. See, eg, the contrasting reviews on Daily Mail Online when it runs a gushing story about a ski resort, ranging from 'great article thanks!' to 'you call this news?!'. And of course I'm only concerned with one sense of "marronnier", ie, as it relates to pr & journalism (see my original question). Btw, wiki.fr cites among its sources the Paris school of journalism and other journalistic/media sources. And yes, of course Amazon-related stories would be on online versions of Le Parisien, Le Figaro, etc, although I'm sure I recall seeing Amazon.fr advertised (as a logo ad) in a newspaper or supplement in print. |
| ...although in this case "advertorial" wouldn't work because it is by definition paid for by the advertiser, whereas the "marronniers" referred to here are unpaid stories by grateful journalists fed the necessary background info at a press event/junket. |
| Reminder to all: Please read this attachment and listen to the radio info it includes. I hope it settles this debate on marronniers: https://www.francetvinfo.fr/replay-radio/les-pourquoi/pourquoi-dans-la-presse-appelle-t-on-un-marronnier-un-marronnier_1791805.html |
| At the risk of repeating myself, "marronnier" refers both to the event/occasion and to the article about it. In my example in my original question, it refers to the event, but in real-world use in journalism it is also the term used to refer to the article about it. I don't see why it seems difficult to grasp that it can imply both. I've been in umpteen editorial meetings and find it perfectly reasonable to imagine it being used to refer to both, as they imply each other, with any potential confusion dispelled intuitively. What I'm searching for is a word or phrase in English that matches its conciseness, scope and connotations. |
| Quite simply because there IS no single, simplistic one-word solution that can cover both meanings in EN, nor is there even a word that is sufficiently ambiguous to be able to be used with the same ambiguity as the original. But regardless of what meanings the term <i>can</i> have, there is no need to try and shoehorn all of those meanings into this context, where it is obvious which one of those meanings is needed. You cannot say that "Valentine's Day is a press article" — it may give rise to one, certainly; nor can you say that they are going to have a press conference to give information about a "sales press article"; it is just nonsense in EN — and would be in FR too, <i>if</i> that were the meaning it had here. |
| I'm sure you're right, it would have to be translated differently to suit the particular meaning. I was just hoping to avoid the inevitable comeback from the client's proofreader complaining of inconsistency. I've found that 'Comments' inserted to clarify such issues invariably get lost in the wash and come back repeatedly to haunt... |
| Oh, I <i>so</i> know <i>that</i> feeling! |
| @ Asker Marronnier is a concept of journalism. No event in France is called un marronnier! |
| Whether or not you are correct in your persistent arguing, the asker's text says "marronniers commerciaux pour nourrir les journalistes" which clearly means an EVENTS about which journalists write. Either you are wrong or the writer of this text has totally misused a word. We can only translate what we have in front of us at the end of the day. Either way, the term fits both possibilities and so should the translation. Stop battering. |
| Reminder to all: An 'événement presse' is an event to present or disseminate 'marrionniers' with a commercial purpose in this case. See the attachment below: https://www.event.fr/entreprise/org_seminaire/presse.htm |
| marronnier d'Inde. Ex. (2) : "l'achat des fournitures scolaires est le marronnier de la rentrée". Sens 2 : par analogie avec l'arbre qui produit les même fleurs et les mêmes fruits à la même époque chaque année. |
| @ Allegro trans My response was about explaining the text submitted by Asker. As to your response, it has nothing to do with journalism. I submitted yesterday an attachment to explain how a tree (marronnier) has become a concept of journalism. |
| Hi folks, with grateful thanks as always for your insights, I'm closing this because I don't think any expression hits the mark and, as TonyM wisely pointed out, no one expression can probably convey all the connotations contained in "marronnier". Clearly, it refers to events/occasions such as Velentine's, Back-to-School, Christmas, etc, but also refers to the article published promoting it. I recall sitting in a weekly editorial meeting, the editor saying to his features editor, "donne-moi un marronnier sur les entreprises qui...". I'm sure there are English words that have such a dual existence, although I can't for the life of me think of one right now. It conjures up visions of a linguistic scattergraph, or in another discipline a "dual-sun" system, but now I'm verging on surreal :-) -- As I say, thank you all very much, but I think I have to hit this one on the head... |
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
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